Combined pill (COC)

EFFECTIVENESS

Over 99 per cent effective if taken according to instructions. Less than one woman in 100 will get pregnant in a year.

HOW IT WORKS

Contains two hormones-estrogen and progestogen. It stops ovulation, thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm reaching an egg and thins the lining of the uterus to prevent a fertilized egg implanting.

ADVANTAGES

• Often reduces bleeding, period pain and premenstrual symptoms.
• Protects against cancer of the ovary, uterus and colon and some pelvic infections.
• Suitable for healthy non-smokers up to the menopause.
• When you stop to use the combine pill your fertility will return to normal.

DISADVANTAGES

• Not suitable for overweight woman or smokers over 35 years old.
• Very low risk but serious side- effects may include blood clots, breast cancer and cervical cancer.
• Can be temporary side-effects such as headache, nausea, mood changes and breast tenderness

COMMENTS

• Missing pills, vomiting or severe, long lasting diarrhea can make it less effective.
• Some medicines can make it less effective.
• Breakthrough bleeding and spotting is common in the first months.